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博阳外语培训学校新概念英语第一册教师备课指导手册

Key stuctures   : 关键句型
Summary writing : 摘要写作
answer this questions in not more than 55 words.
写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起
【KEY STUCTURES】 关键句型
Word order in simple statements: 简单陈述句的语序
陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号
看教材第2页
6        1        2         3         4         5         6
when?     Who?      Action    Who?      How?      Where?    When?
         Which?              Which?
         What?               What?                                               
Last week                  
1 ---主语一般有名词或代词构成
2 ---谓语由动词充当
3 ---宾语
4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much
5 ---地点状语
6 ---时间状语可以放在句首或句末  I like the girl very much in Beijing last year.
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语
6.  Immediately left he.
He left immediately.
13. The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the Kitchen.
The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning.
4   Game; played; yesterday; in their room; the children; quietly
The children played games quietly in their room yesterday.
主语——>动词——>宾语——>状语
状语: 放在最前面是副词,方式状语,表示状态/程度的状语,下面是地点,然后是时间
1.主语和动词不能少
2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间
如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配  when and where
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
Comprehension 理解
Strucures     句型
Vocabulary    词汇
(1)...b...
"They did not pay any attention"
pay attention:  注意(在思想上)
notice:         注意(=see 眼睛看)
(4)...
sitting behind
behind:      在...后面
in front of :在...前面 (相对静止的概念)
before :     在...前面 (+词、句子、一定和时间相连)
above:       在...上面
ahead of:    在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)
He arrived before six o'clock.
Before he came back
Ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.
(5) ...c...
how ——对一个方式、状态提问
特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问
angry(adj)
how(adv.)——对形容词、副词、介词短语提问
where    ——用介词,地点
when     ——用介词,时间
why      ——用because回答
(7) ...d...
any——用在否定句和疑问句中
some——用在肯定句中
none——没有任何东西、没有任何人  None knows./None of us knows.
not any=no
not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面
He didn't pay attention
no——形容词、修饰名词
I don't have any friends./I have no friends.
I have no time./I don't have any time.
(11)...
suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦
bear:  忍受=stand
I suffer the headache.
He often suffers defeat.
Lesson two  Breakfast or lunch?
【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】
★until            prep.直到
直到...才; 直到...为止
后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)
直到他回来,他爸爸才死。
2) His father was alive until he came back.  (否定)
直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。
到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die;  活的 : 不加not.
把until作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做?
做了——肯定;
没做——否定.
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A.    waited           B.didn't wait
A.leave     B.left      C.didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside          adv. 外面
作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outsid.
★ring(rang.rung)  v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当
给某人打电话 : ring sb.
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
打电话(名) : give sb. a ring
remmember to ring me/reember to give me a ring
戒指(名词)
★aunt             n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈
uncle:  叔叔  
cousin: 堂兄妹
nephew: 外甥
niece:  外甥女
★repeat           v.重复
【Text and language points】
It was Sunday.
1.I never get up early on Sundays.
On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天
never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)
=not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don't like her.=I never like her.
He ______ never_______(be) there before.
2.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
sometime, some time, sometimes, some times   sometime可与过去或将来时连用,表示(过去/将来)某个时候,指的是时间点。   some time名词短语,指“一些时间,一些时候,相当长的时间”,指的是时间段。   sometimes是表示时间频率的副词,意思为“有时候”,其语法特点相当于often, always。   some times表示“几次”,times作“次数”讲,是可数名词。
(1)        He _____ watches TV in the evening.
(2)        He visited the old man ______ last year.
(3)        He has lived in the city for_______.
(4)        I telephoned you ______ last night, but nobody answered .
not … until,until   
  A. until表示动作、状态的持续,强调“一直到……为止”,或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性
  动作的动词连用。
  B. not … until表示“到……为止;直到……才”,常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。
(1)________ here until I ________ back.
一直等,直到我回来。(我回来了你才能走)
(2)_______ _________ until I _______ back.
不要走,直到我回来。(我回来了你才能走)
(2) 选用下列词或词组的适当形式填空,每词只能用一次:
      help, not...until, build, useful, oneself, sleep, be, fall, for, because
      1. When (      ) the house (      ) ? Twenty years ago.
      2. She (      ) watch TV (      ) she finishes her homework.
      3. They have learned English (      ) over two years.
      4. What a (        ) dictionary it is!
      5. Meimei is a good student. She often (        ) her classmates.
      6. Don't talk here loudly. My grandpa (         ).
      7. (         ) you ever (        ) to America?
      8. I didn't go to the cinema (          ) I was very busy.
      9. I'm afraid you (         ) behind the others if you don't study hard.
      10. Can you look after (         ) while I am away? Yes,I can.
终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别

    英语中的动词,是学习中的重点,又是难点。英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。
1.        用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years.       (wrong)
   Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago.  (wrong)
应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2.用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
3.用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4.用延缓性动词代替终止性动词。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours.  (wrong)
应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但须注意:终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.   (wrong)
   I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year..  (right)

此外,终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同,很易混淆。下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳:
1. 在连词since引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同的。
A. since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习。
B. 在since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起。
eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
自从我醒后,没听见任何声音。
2.        介词for引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况:
A.介词for引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含义。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那儿已六个月了。(或: 他住在那儿还不到六个月。)
B.介词for引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了。
句中含有till 或until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的,但要注意两种情况:
1.        如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止。
eg. He didn’t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电。
2.        如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five.   (right)
史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚。
  Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five.        (wrong)


Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 3.'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang.
感叹的中心落在名词上,用what引导感叹句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语 !
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 !
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数+ 主语 + 谓语 !
What a beautiful house it is !
What clean water it is !
What lovely girls they are !


感叹的中心落在形容词或副词上,或整个句子,用how引导感叹句
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语 + 谓语 !
How blue the sky is !
How fast he swims !
How Tom loves his wife !
一、将下列陈述句改为感叹句:
1.He speaks English very fluently.
2.My mother told us a funny story.
3.We have fine weather today.
4.Uncle Tom is making fine model planes.
5.The Chinese people are very friendly.
二、感叹句互换:
1.How long the Changjiang River is!
2.How noisy the street is!
3.What clever students they are!
4.What a heavy box it is!
5.What bad news it is!
Key:
一、1.How fluently he speaks English!
    2.What a funny story my mother told us!
    3.What fine weather we have today!
    4.What fine model planes Uncle Tom is making!
    5.How friendly the Chinese people are!
二、1.What a long river the Changjiang River is!
    2.What a noisy street it is!
    3.How clever the students are!
    4.How heavy the box is!
    5.How bad the news is!
巩固练习
一、选择题
⒈ ____ delicious the dish is!
A. What  B. How   C. What a
⒉ ____ strange clothes he is wearing!
A. What a   B. What   C. How a
⒊ ____ an interesting subject it is!
A. What   B. How    C. What an
⒋ ____ foggy it was yesterday!
A. What   B. What a   C. How
⒌ ____ careless a boy you are!
A. How   B. What a   C. What
二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。(答案不唯一)
⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.
B: ___________________________
⒉ A: Mr Wang is a busy man.
B: ___________________________
⒊ A: The cat is very happy.
B: ___________________________
⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly.
B: ___________________________
⒌ A: He is very lucky.
B: ___________________________
⒍ A: It is a wet day today.
B: ___________________________
⒎ A: They started early.
B: ___________________________
⒏ A: They waited a long time.
B: ___________________________
⒐ A: He is wearing a large shirt.
B: ___________________________
⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily.
B: __________________________

It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'
   'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.
   'What are you doing?' she asked.
   'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
   'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'
New words and expressions 生词和短语
until  prep. 直到
outside adv. 外面
ring  v. (铃、电话等)响
aunt  n. 姑,姨,婶,舅母
repeat  v. 重复
参考译文

   那是个星期天,而在星期天我是从来不早起的,有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天,我起得很晚。我望望窗外,外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气!”我想,“又下雨了。”正在这时,电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车,”她说,“我这就来看你。”
   “但我还在吃早饭,”我说。
   “你在干什么?”她问道。
   “我正在吃早饭,”我又说了一遍。
   “天啊,”她说,“你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”
【课文讲解】
因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时。
look out of :朝窗外看
从...里:from,out of
dark: 天很黑
What a day?
What + a + n.——感叹句
It is terrible day.==> What a terrible day!
What+a/an (+a.)+n.(+主语+谓语)
What a terrible day!
what a good girl (she is)!
What a day!
有上下文和一定的语境,才能省略形容词。
just then: 就在那时
如果不知道对方性别,可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
just只会出现在"现在完成时"
by train
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词,复数)
I go out by bus/on two buses.
如果加修饰词,就要换掉by
I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你。
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来
go,come leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
Dear me:天哪
My god!
My dear!
【Key structures】 关键句型
Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
Now——现在进行时(说话的当时正在发生,现阶段正在发生)
Often ad Always—— 一般现在时
"现阶段"
I am working as a teacher.
I do.../he does...
I get up...
一般现在时,是一种习惯,真理,是过去,现在和未来都会发生的事情。
现在还在睡觉
He is still sleeping.
频率副词往往放在句子中间,实义动词前,非实义动词后
非实义动词:1.系动词(be)
       2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)
           3.情态动词:(must,can,may)
p4 Exercises
1.are playing; "always" play; is kicking"now"; is running
2.are you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive
join,return,die,land,meet)
"别人用什么时态,你就用什么时态" are you leaving
come
go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语)
(rarely 很少) listen
"doesn't work"
feel
Drilling Square
Ⅰ.请把下列各题的主语改为第三人称单数,并作其他必要的表达变化。
1.I teach English in a junior high school.
2.I study English every day.
3.I pass by the post office every morning.
4.I read and write both English and Chinese every day.
5.I have two sisters and one brother.
6.I go to school and come home on a bicycle every day.
7.I wash my hands before I eat something.
8.I don't know her very well.
9.I always try my best when I am told to do something.
10.On weekdays I always get up at 6:00 . Then I do my bed, brush my teeth, wash my face, and get everything ready in half an hour. At 6:30 I have my breakfast with my parents and sisters and leave for school at 6:50.
Ⅱ.请把下列动词选填到各题空格处。(可以重复选用)
(be, begin, belong, cook, cry, do, feel, go, have, help, keep , make, mean, rain, understand )
1.My father (1)______ to work by bus every morning .
2.(2)______ you (3)______ what (4)______?
3.The summer vacation usually (5) ______ on July 1 in most schools.
4.We often (6)______ swimming in summer.
5.A baby (7)______ when it (8)______ hungry.
6.Everyone (9)______ happy and (10) ______ a good time during the Chinese New Year.
7.In autumn it (11)______ not (12)______ very often in this part of the country.
8.The two little cats (13)______ to my aunt, She (14)______ them as her pets.
9.In my family, my mother always (15)______ the meals and my father (16)______ the dishes. But when they (17)______ very busy, I often (18)______ them in the kitchen.
10.My bicycle often (19)______ some strange noises, I wonder if something (20)______ wrong with it.
请判断下列各题空格处动词的正确时态。一般现在时或现在进行时?
1.You can't see her now; she (have) a bath.
2.My parents (grow) older and older.
3.He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.
4.The children (have) a good time at the party very much right now.
5.A:How (you usually get ) to work?
B:I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car.
6.A:Why (you put) on your coat?
B:I (go) for a walk. (you come) with me?
A:Yes, I'd love to. (You mind) if I (bring) my dog?
7.I don't know what she (talk) about, for she (speak) too fast. I am sure if she (speak) slower, I can understand her.
8.She (like) to talk very much. In fact she (always talk and talk).
9.We (use) this room today because the windows in the other room is broken.
10.A:How are you today?
B:I (feel) much better today, but I still (have) coughs.
A:Then you had better go (to) see the doctor again.
B:Yes. I (see) the doctor this afternoon.
11.A:He (always say) that he'll quit smoking, but he (never do) it.
B:Yes. Whenever I (see) him, he (smoke).
12.A:(You write) to her this evening?
B:Yes, I (always write) to her on her birthday. (You want) to send her any words?
13.Tom and Mary (have) a long conversation.
I (wonder) what they (talk) about.
14.A:This can (make) a very strange noise.
(You think) it is all right?
B:Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that.
15.A:(You see) my hat anywhere?
B:No, I (look) for it for you, too, but I (find) it nowhere.
【Special Difficulties】 难点
What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语
What 对名词感叹
3.He is causing a lot of trouble
 名词:trouble
 主语:he
 动词:is causing
 What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
【Multiple choice questions】
5."not early"
  late(adj./adv.)  lately(adv.)=recently(how are you going lately?)
A
8.A
look(vi.):表示看的动作;后面一定要加介词
 see(vt.)   :  表示看的结果; 后面直接加宾语
watch :  表示观看; 后面直接加宾语,但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
11.D
  lunch :中餐
  food  :食物
  dinner:正餐
  meal  :一顿饭
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ______ .
a.late  b.lately c.slowly d.hardly
5."not early"
   late(adj./adv.)  lately(adv.)=recently(adv.)最近的, 近来的.
how are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?
  A

8  He ______ out of the window and saw that it was raining.
a.looked b.saw c.remarked d.watched
8.A
  look(vi.):表示看的动作; 后面一定要加介词
 see(vt.) : 表示看的结果;  后面直接加宾语
  watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
look at pictures (对)watch pictures(错)

11  Breakfast is the first ______ of the day.
a.food b.dinner c.lunch d.meal
11.D
lunch :中餐   food :食物
dinner:正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐.
meal : 一顿饭

频率副词,放在实义动词前, 非实义动词后;
如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词.要放在两个之间
疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面
Lesson three Please Send Me a Card
【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】
★send  v. 寄,送
send sth.to sb./send sb.sth
give sb.sth./give sth.to sb.
send/take children to school
take: 某人亲自送
send: 通过第三人去送
★postcard  n. 明信片
send him a card
namecard/visiting card : 名片
Here is my namecard.
ID card:身份证
credit card:信用卡
cash card
★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味,损坏
break: 打破
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好;生活中不顺心的事;宠坏,溺爱
His parents spoiled the boy. 宠坏
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my hoilday.
damage:  破坏,程度不一定很重
destroy:破坏,彻底摧毁
★museum  n. 博物馆
Palace Museum:故宫
★public  adj. 公共的
private
public shool/place/house(pub:酒吧)
in private: 私下里的
in public:  公开的
Why not have a conversation in public?
★friendly  adj. 友好的
lovely adj.
★waiter  n. 服务员,招待员
waiter
waitress
chief waiter
shop assistant
attendant
★lend  v. 借给
borrow from
lend sth.to sb
lend sb.sth.
★decision  n. 决定
v. decide
make a big/great dicision
★whole  adj. 整个的
all the...
the whole...
★single  adj. 唯一的,单一的
double
【Text and language points】
  1.Postcards always spoil my holidays.
holiday“假日,假期”,常用的搭配有:   
  go on holiday = go for a holiday 去度假     
  take a holiday = have a holiday 休假     
  be on holiday 在度假     
  make holiday 度假
2.Last summer, I went to Italy.
I have been in _____ for a year, and I can speak a little _______ which was learned from the_________. (Italy)
Italian[i5tAljEn]于Italy[5itEli] : 注意读音不同

不同国家的人的单复数
名称   总称(谓语用复数) 一个人   两个人     
中国人  the Chinese   a Chinese  two Chinese
瑞士人  the Swiss    a Swiss   two Swiss
澳大利亚人the       an     two
     Australians   Australian Australians                 
俄国人  the Russians  a Russian  two Russians
意大利人 the Italians  an Italian  two Italians
希腊人  the Greek    a Greek   two Greeks
法国人  the French   a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人  the Japanese  a Japanese  two Japanese
美国人  the Americans an American  two Americans
印度人  the Indians  an Indian   two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian   two Canadians
德国人  the Germans  a Germans  two Germans
英国人  the English  an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人  the Swedish  a Swede     two Swedes   
I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
3.         friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
friendly  adj. 友好的
以-ly结尾是形容词, 同样的还有lovely adj.
friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
(1)        He is friendly ______ us.
(2)        We are friendly _____ each other.
Be friendly with / to  和/对某人友好
I can speak a few words of English(同义句转换)
I can speak _______ _______ English.
a little English/ a few words of English
3.        Then he lent me a book.
(1)        Can I _____ your English dictionary?
(2)        I ______ $20 to him .
(3)        I _______$20 from him.
(4)        He asked me to ______ him $20.
(5)        Tom asked me to ______ $20 from him.
I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word.
4.        Everyday I thought about postcards.
(1)        When I think_____ him, I’ll write a letter to him.(of)
(2)        Don’t think _____ it in class.(about)
(3)        I thought it ______ then worked it out.(over)
Think of 想起think about考虑 think over仔细思考学术方面的问题
5。My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.
(1)        Be ________(quickly)!
(2)        It was a ______ (quickly) work.
(3)        He put away the books _______.(quick)
6.On the last day I made a big decision.
decision  n. 决定    v. decide   make a big/great dicision
用适当的介词填空
(1)        ______ January 1st (on)
(2)        ______ the morning(in)
(3)        ______night(at)
(4)        ______Spring(in)
(5)        ______December(in)
(6)        ______Monday evening(on)
(7)        ______a sunny morning(on)
(8)        _______ Monday(on)
(9)        ________2006-11-20(on)
(10)        _______the first day(on)
当早晨/中午/晚上等词被名词和形容词所修饰的时候,介词应使用ON
当句子中出现具体日期的时候同样使用介词ON
当句子中的名词 “day”被所指和修饰的时候同样使用介词“ON”
I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards.
7.I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
all the... : all the day (the可省略)
the whole.. : the whole day.        
all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词
一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of us;all of the students
spend+时间+地点
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.
(1)I spent $200 _____ the bike.(on)
(2) I spent $200_____ ______(buy)the bike. (in buying——IN 可以省略)
   (3) The bike _______ me $200. (cost——物做主语)
参考译文
   明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天,我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆,还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语,之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行,但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快,可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天,我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床,买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!
【课文讲解】
The baby spoilded my night.
Italian/Italy
and 先后往往是对等的概念
teach sb.sth.
a little Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English
think about: 考虑,思考
think over : 仔细考虑
last:表示"上一个"或"最后一个",表示"最后一个"时要加冠词the
I spend the whole day in my room.
spend+时间+地点
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.
review
spoil
send/lend/teach sb.sth.
send/lend/teach sth. to sb

【Special Difficulties】
双宾语:直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(动作目标)
give sb.sth.
sb:  间接宾语
sth: 直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时,其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)
give a book to me.  I buy a book for you
take flowers to my wife.
order soup for you.
可以翻译为"给"、"替"、"为"的,就用for; 如果只能翻译为"给"的,
就用to
与for相连的  buy,order,make,find
find sth.for sb.
do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me.

Exercise
1.He paid some money to the shop-keeper.
3.The writer brought the man a bottle of beer.
What do you think of?
What do you think of the weather today?
cold,chilly,freeze, I'll freeze.
What do you think of TV program last night?
send somebody something
send something to somebody
give, take, pass, read, sell, buy
find something for somebody
make buy    Do a favor for me.
Can I order something for you?
【Multiple choice questions】
4.找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定
who whom
人做主语提问——who    对宾语提问——whom
如果对主语提问,则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样
如果对非主语来提问,则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序
A 正确
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5. He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
D正确
friendly单独用,形容词,一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,用短语in a friendly way
7.whole  all the day;  all of us
C正确
all of 后面如果加代词,代词前面不需要修修饰词
一旦要加名词,前面一定要加the
all of the friends    all of the students
10.the last day, final——形容词  end——名词/动词
bottom——名词     形容词修饰 day
latest:最新的   latest news    latest style
11.think about:考虑、思考、想
make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's mind:改变主意
make a wish :  愿望
B正确
【KEY STRUCTURES】
dies  有具体的过去时间一定是具体的过去式
一般现在时
bought kept
1

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博阳外语培训学校<新概念英语>第一册教师备课指导手册(51--54)

Lesson 51 A pleasant climate

[词汇]
Greece n. 希腊
Climate n. 气候
Country n. 国家
pleasant  adj. 宜人的
weather n. 天气
spring n. 春季 [in spring]
windy adj. 有风的
warm adj. 温暖的
rain v. 下雨
sometimes adv. 有时
summer n. 夏天
autumn n. 秋天
winter n. 冬天
snow v. 下雪
January n. 1月
February n. 2月
March n. 3月
April n. 4月
May n. 5月
June n. 6月
July n. 7月
August n. 8月
September n. 9月
October n. 10月
November n. 11月
December n. 12月

英语中的五种句型
1 主语+不及物动词
It rains in spring
The sun rises.
It doesn't rain in spring.
Does it rain in spring?
snow 下雪
winter 冬天
It snows in winter.
It doesn't snow in winter.
Does it snow in winter.
2 主系表结构
feel
smell
I am a teacher.
3 主语+及物动词+宾语
I have finished my homework.
I like music.
4 IODO
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Give me an apple.
5 主语+谓语+复合宾语
paint it pink


Greek 希腊人,杀腊的
What's the climate like?
in your country
What's the climate like in your country?
What's the climate like in Beijing?
What's the weather like in spring?

nationality 国籍
nation 国家,民族
state 国家,政府
land 国家,国土
homeland 祖国
motherland
country 乡下

present 礼物,现在
parent 父母
peasant 农民
president 总统
pleasant

joy 欢乐
windy job 空欢喜

time 时间,次数
I have been there some times
sometime 某时
When will you come here?
Sometime next week.
Give me some time to think it over.

fall 秋天
come from
I come from China.
I don't come from China.
Do you come from China?
Where do you come from?
She comes from Greece.
She doesn't come from Greece.
Does she come from Greece?
Where does she come from?
Where do they come from?
Where does your father come from?

[课文及语言点]
1.        Where do you come from? (变为同意句)
Where _____you ______?
Where is he from?
Where ____ he ____ ____?
Where are they from?
Where____ they ____ _____?
Where does she come from?
Where____ she _____?
I come from Greece.
2.What's the climate like in your country?
  What+ be+sb. / sth. like? (指人用来表示人的长相和品质,指物用来描述事物的形状或天气等)
   (1)-----What is Mr. Li like?
     -----He is ________. A. cold B. Chinese C. from Chinese D. tall
   (2)----What is the teacher like?
---- He is _________ A. friendly B. hot C. an English teacher D.in the room
   (3)---- What is the computer like?
     ---- It is like a _________. A. desk B.bus C.TV D.box.
It's very pleasant.
1.        What's the weather like in spring?
四季前面用介词in
It's often windy ______March.
  in May 在五月
  It's windy_______ May.
  often 经常  He often ______ (do) some reading in the reading room.
4.It's always warm in April and May, but it rains sometimes.
But it rains sometimes. -> but sometimes it rains.
always&sometimes 都是频率副词,在句中出现时统统选择一般现在时
What's it like in summer?
It's always hot in June, July and August.
5.The sun shines every day.(将句子变成现在进行时)
  The sun _______ ________.
  The sun shines every day.(将句子变成否定句和一般疑问句)
  They sun ________ _________ every day.
  _______the sun ________ every day?
Is it cold or warm in autumn?
  It is warm in autumn.
  Is it warm in autumn?
  Is it warm or cold in autumn?
It's always warm in September and October.
It's often cold in November and It rains sometimes.
Is it very cold in winter?
  It's cold in winter.
It's often cold in December, January and February.
It snows sometimes.
作文:What’s the weather like in your city?
lesson 52 What nationality are they? Where do they come from?

[词汇]
the U.S. n. 美国 -> American:美国人
Brazil n. 巴西 [brE5zil] -> Brazilian:巴西人
Holland n. 荷兰 [5hClEnd] -> Dutch:荷兰人
England n. 英国 -> English:英国人
France n. 法国 -> French:法国人
Germany n. 德国 -> German:德国人 (Greece:希腊 -> Greek:希腊人)
Italy n. 意大利 -> Italian:意大利人
Norway n. 挪威 [5nC:wei] -> Norwegian:挪威人
Russia n. 俄罗斯 -> Russian:俄国人
Spain n. 西班牙 [spein] -> Spanish:西班牙人
Sweden n. 瑞典 [5swi:dn] -> Swedish:瑞典人

come(s) from:
I am Italian. I come from Italy.
They are Norwegian. They come from Norway.
My mother is Spanish. She comes from Spain.
The girl is French. She comes from France.
My wife is Brazilian. She comes from Brazil.
You are German. You come from Germany.

A Complete these sentence.
Example:
I come from England, but Stella comes from Spain.

1 We come from Germany, but Dimitri comes from Greece.
2 I like cold weather, but he likes warm weather.
3 He comes from the U.S., but she comes from England.
4 She doesn't like the winter, but she likes the summer.
5 I come from Norway, but you come from Spain.
6 Stella comes from Spain, but Hans and Karl come from Germany.
7 We don't come from Spain. We come from Brazil.

Lesson 53 An interesting climate

[词汇]
mild adj. 温和的,温暖的 [maild]
always adv. 总是
north n. 北方
east n. 东方
wet adj. 潮湿的
west n. 西方
south n. 南方
season n. 季节
best adv. 最
night n. 夜晚
rise v. 升起
early adv. 早
set v. (太阳)落下去
late adv. 晚,迟
interesting adj. 有趣的,有意思的
subject  n. 话题;[语法]主语;科目
conversation  n. 谈话

an interesting subject of the conversation
in the west
in the south
England:英国(the Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
Scotch whisky:苏格兰威士忌
Scotland
England
Welsh
Northern Ireland

mild -> wild:野性的
<Days of being wild>
It's mild.
What the climate like in England?
It's very mild. But it's not always pleasant.
mild:(人)性格温和的(与生俱来)
in the north:在北方
in the south
wet:(程度最强) all in wet
It's very wet.
good 好
better(比较级)
best(最高级)
I like spring best.
Do you like spring?
Which season(s) do you like best?
I like spring and summer best.
Because the days are long and the nights are short.
I don't like autumn and winter.
Because the days are short and the nights are long.
The sun rises early/late and sets late/early.

Which season do you like best?
I like spring and summer best.
Because the days are long and the nights are short.
The sun rises early and sets late.
I don't like autumn and winter.
Because the days are short and the nights are long.
The sun rises late and sets early.

at night
rises [raiziz]
sets
an interesting

subject  n. 话题;[语法]主语;科目
How many subjects do you have in your class?

say:(说话的内容)
speak:(讲话的动作)
talk:(谈话,聊天)
conversation n. 谈话(随意的交流)
interesting subject of our conversation
Money and beauty are interesting subjects of conversation.
favorite:特别喜欢的人(或物)
Climate is our favorite subject of conversation.

[提示]
in the West
It's wet in the West.
in the North
It's cold in the North.
in the East
It's windy in the East.
in the South
It's warm in the South.

What's the climate like in England?
It's mild, but it's not always pleasant.
Which season does Jim like best?
Spring and summer.
Because the days are long and the nights are short.
The sun rises early and sets late.
Why doesn't he like autumn and winter?
Because the days are short and the night are long.
The sun rises late and sets early.
Is the climate in England very good?
Climate in England is not very good.
Is it very interesting?
The climate in England is not very good.
But it is very/certainly interesting.
It's wet in the West.
It's windy in the East.
It's cold in the North.
It's warm in the South.

Jim comes from England.
Jim likes spring and summer.
Because the days are long and the nights are short.
The sun rises early and sets late.
He doesn't like autumn and winter.
Because the days are short and the nights are long.
The sun rises late and sets early.
The climate is the favorite subject of their conversation.

[课文及语言点]
Where do you come from?
I come from England.
What's the climate like in your country?
It's mild, but it's not always pleasant.
1.        The weather's often cold in the North and windy in the East.
   In the North / in the South / in the East / in the west
   Dalian is in the _____ _____ China.
It's often wet in the West and sometimes warm in the south.
Which seasons do you like best?
I like spring and summer.
The days are long and the night are short.
2.The sun rises early and sets late.将其变成否定句和一般疑问句)
I don't like autumn and winter.
The days are short and the nights are long.
The sun rises late and sets early.
3.Our climate is not very good, but it's certainly interesting.
Interesting  翻译题: 这是一本有趣的书。 This is _____ ____ book.
我对这本书感兴趣。 I am ______ ______ the book .
be interested in 对------感兴趣。
It's our favourite subject of conversation.

Lesson 54 What nationality are they? Where do they come from?

[词汇]
Australia n. 澳大利亚
Australian n. 澳大利亚人
Austria n. 奥地利
Austrian n. 奥地利人
Canada n. 加拿大
Canadian n. 加拿大人
China n. 中国 Chinese
Finland n. 芬兰
Finnish n. 芬兰人
India n. 印度
Indian n. 印度人
Japan n. 日本 Japanese
Nigeria n. 尼日利亚 [nai5dViEriE]
Nigerian n. 尼日利亚人
Turkey n. 土耳其 [5tE:ki]
Turkish n. 土耳其人
Korea n. 韩国
Polish n. 波兰人
Poland n. 波兰
Thai n. 泰国人
Thailand n. 泰国

A Write questions and answers
Example:
The sun rises early.
Does the sun rise early?
The sun doesn't rise early.
1 The sun sets late.
Does the sun set late?
The sun doesn't set late.
2 He likes ice cream.
Does he like ice cream?
He doesn't like ice cream.
3 Mrs. Jones wants a biscuit.
Does Mrs. Jones want a biscuit?
Mrs. Jones doesn't want a biscuit.
4 Jim comes from England.
Does Jim come from England?
Jim doesn't come from England.

B Write questions and answers using these words.
Example:
he/Brazil
Where does he come from? Is he Brazilian?
Yes, he's Brazilian. He comes from Brazil.
1 he/Australia
Where does he come from? Is he Australian?
Yes, he's Australian. He comes from Australia.
3 she/Canada
Where does she come from? Is she Canadian?
Yes, she's Canadian. She comes from Canada.
4 this girl/Finland
Where does this girl come from? Is she Finland?
Yes, she's Finnish. She comes from Finland.
5 they/India
Where do they come from? Are they Indian?
Yes, they're Indian. They come from India.
7 Naoko/Japan
Where does Naoko come from? Is she Japanese?
Yes, she's Japanese. She comes from Japan.
8 my wife/Nigeria
Where does your wife come from? Is she Nigerian?
Yes, she's Nigerian. She comes from Nigeria.
10 he/Korea
Where does he come from? Is he Korean?
Yes, he's Korean. He comes from Korea.
she/Thailand
Where does she come from? Is she Thai?
Yes, she's Thai. She comes from Thailand.
             Lesson 55 The Sawyer family

[词汇]
live v. 住,生活
stay v. 呆在,停留
home n. 家;adv. 到家
housework n. 家务
lunch n. 午饭
afternoon n. 下午
usually adv. 通常
together adv. 一起
evening n. 晚上
arrive v. 到达
night n. 夜间

live in(at)
stay at home
do the housework
do one's homework
have lunch, eat one's lunch
in the afternoon
at night
tell 告诉mince 肉馅chicken 鸡肉butcher 屠夫meat 肉husband 丈夫beefsteak 牛排beef 牛肉truth 实情,真话together 一起usually 通常grape 葡萄peach 桃子tomato 西红柿        potato 土豆lettuce 莴苣cabbage 白菜wardrobe 衣柜checkroom 衣帽存放处nationality 国籍refrigerator 冰箱electric 电的home 家house 房子living room 客厅bedroom 卧室kitchen 厨房garden 花园        town 城镇village 村庄country 乡下;国家in the afternoon 在下午housework 家务homework 家庭作业at night 在夜间arrive 到达evening 傍晚,晚间night 夜间

too 肯定句中表示“也”
either 否定句和疑问句中表示“也”
do one's homework:做 … 的家庭作业
do the housework:做家务
in the evening
at night


live:长期居住在 …;短期住
live in/live at
My uncle lives in Paris.
The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.
Where do they live? /Where does she(he) live?
Where do the student live?
live(a.)
make a living:谋生
live for:为 … 而活着
stay at home:呆在家
here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, downtown, abroad
这些地点副词前面不能加介词
do one's housework [一般不用]
do the housework

breakfast:早餐
supper:晚餐
dinner:正餐,宴会
meal:一顿饭
three meals a day

in the evening
arrive in/ at
at night

live in/at:居住
go to work:去上班
go to school:去上学
take sb. to somewhere:带某人去……
stay at home 呆在家里
do the housework 做家务
eat/have one's lunch:吃……的午餐
see one's friends:拜访……的朋友
drink tea together:一起喝茶
come home from school:从学校回家
come home from work:下班回家
arrive home 到家
do one's homework:做……的家庭作业
go to bed:上床睡觉
read one's newspaper:读报纸
watch TV:看电视

[提示]
when, where, when, who

Where do the Sawyers live?
They live at eight-seven King Street.
What does Mr. Sawyer usually do in the morning?
Mr. Sawyer goes to work in the morning.
What do the children do in the morning?
They go to school.
Who takes them every day?
Their father. Mr. Sawyer.
Mr. Sawyer takes them to school every day.
What does Mrs. Sawyer do in the morning?
Mrs. Sawyer usually stays at home.
What does she do?
She does the homework.
When does Mrs. Sawyer eat her lunch?
At noon.
What does Mrs. Sawyer do at noon?
Eats her lunch.
When does Mrs. Sawyer see her friends?
In the afternoon.
Usually what do they do together?
They usually drink tea together.
When does Mr. Sawyer come home from work?
In the evening.
Does he arrive home very early?
No, he doesn't come home very early.
Do they come home from school very early?
Yes, the children arrive home very early.
What do the children do at night?
They usually do their homework.
Then what do they do?
They go to bed.
What about Mr. Sawyer?
Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper.
Sometimes he and his wife watch television.

[课文及语言点]
1.        The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.
The +人的姓氏的复数表示一家人。后面用复数的谓语动词
The Wangs ______ (be) playing in the garden .
2.In the morning, Mr. Sawyer goes to work and the children go to school.
(1)____the morning, we do some washing.
(2)_____noon, we have lunch.
(3)_____ the afternoon,we play football.
(4)_____ the evening, we do our homework.
(5)______night,we go to bed.
Their father takes them to school every day.
    Mrs. Sawyer stays at home every day. She does the housework.
    She always eats her lunch at noon.
    In the afternoon, she usually sees her friends. They often drink tea together/in the garden.
3.In the evening, the children come home from school. They arrive home early.
  arrive at---表示具体的小地点
  arrive in---表示大地点
arrive ______ China/ ______Dalian/_______ the town/_______the city/_________country (in)
arrive_______School/______the butcher’s_______the church (at)
arrive_______home/_______here/_______there/  (副词前不加任何的介词)
He arrives at school at 7 o’clock.(改为同意句)
He _____ _____ school at 7 o’clock.
arrive at /in = get to
He arrives here at 7 in the morning. (改为同意句)
He ______ _______ at 7 in the morning.
Mr. Sawyer comes home from work. He arrives home late.
    At night, the children always do their homework. Then they go to bed. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper, but sometimes he and his wife watch television.
55课相关词组:
live at, go to work, go to school, take to, stay at home, do the housework, eat one's lunch, see one's friends, drink tea together, come home from school, arrive home, come home from work, do one's homework, go to bed, read one's newspaper, watch TV

重点:一般现在时及动词的熟练使用。
55课写作: What do you Usually do in a day?
我这个菜鸟先收下了!!
谢谢!!

博阳外语培训学校<新概念英语>配套语法教程(1--3章)

第一章  音素极其使用规则
英文中有26个字母
A [ei]B [bi:]C [si:]D [di:]E [i:]F [ef]G [dVi:]H [eitF]I [ai]J [dVei]K [kei]L [el]M [em]        N [en]O [EJ]P [pi:]Q [kju:]R [B:]S [es]T [ti:]U [ju:]V [vi:]W [5dQblju:]X [eks]Y [wai]Z [ zi:] [zed]
五个元音字母

now you see
I can say my ABC

ABCD EFG HIJK LMN OPQ RST UVW XYZ,
XYZ now you see, I can say my ABC

英文中有48个音标
分为元音和辅音
20个元音、28个辅音

元音分为:->长元音、短元音
        ->双元音、单元音
元音:->单元音->前元音
        中元音
        后元音
        ->双元音

前元音有4个:[i:][e][A]
[i:]bee 蜜蜂tea 茶pea 扁豆key 钥匙see 看见three 三        big 大的city 城市with 和family 家,家庭happy 快乐的,愉快的,高兴的little 小的
[s][W] 清辅音
[z][T] 浊辅音
以th打头的单词一般是发[W]、[T]

thank you 感谢你
family 侧重家庭的成员
There are four people in my family. 在我家里有四口人。
home 抽象的家的概念
home road 《我的父亲母亲》
house 房子,一般指独立的院落,更具体的指房子的建筑,结构

[e]bed 床beg 乞求red 红色的men 男人(复数)never 从来不very 非常        [A]bad 坏的 bag 包dad 爸爸man 男人,人类back 后部,背部cat 猫
man can conquer nature 人定胜天
I often see that man in the street.
我经常在街上看到那个男的。
he has a very happy family.
他有一个非常幸福的家庭。
A man is sitting on the desk.
一个男的正坐在桌子上。
You see the green leaves on the tree.
你在树上可以看见绿叶。
Tim ran back to get the black hat and the red bag.
蒂姆跑回去拿到了黑色的帽子和红色的包。

Nothing to fear but fear itself.除了恐惧本身之外没有什么可恐惧的。

a bad apple 一个坏苹果->坏蛋,惹麻烦,不诚实的人
Big Apple 大苹果->纽约的别称
a fat cat 肥猫->暴发户(贬义)
a hot potato 棘手的问题
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难之交才是真朋友。
God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。

Hi!/Hello!/Hullo!/How do you do?

(Good)morning/afternoon/evening!

How are you?/How are you doing?/How are you all keeping?
最近你们好吗?

Fine/well. Thank you. And you?/What about you?/How about you?

Not too bad!/Pretty good!/Couldn't be better!/Just so-so./I'm just my oldself!
还不坏!/非常好!/好的不能再好了!/凑合吧!/我还是老样子!

Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you!
meet 强调第一次见面
see 强调第二次见面,老朋友见面。

Nice to see you, too./Same here.
见到你也很高兴!我也很高兴!

It's my pleasure/honor to see you!见到你很荣幸。
pleasure 幸福,快乐
honor 荣耀,荣誉

Haven't seen you for ages/for a long time./Long time no see.
很久都没有见你了。
Life is happier if it is full of pretty people.
生命是非常美好的,如果生活中充满了非常有趣的人的话。
Life is just a field of newly fallen snow, and where you choose to walk every step will show.
人生就像刚刚下过雪的一片田野,你从哪里选择走路,你的每一个脚印都会显现出来。

[复习]
英文中有26字母
英文中有48个音标
分为元音和辅音
20个元音
28个辅音
元音——单元音——前元音、中元音、后元音
  ——双元音
前元音有4个
[i:]

[e]
[A]
发音要领:舌部尽量往硬腭抬,舌尖轻抵下齿,嘴形发生变化。
这个音嘴的大小应该是食指的大小。
这个音嘴的大小应该是食指和中指的大小。









第二章  博阳英语1000词汇大关速成
序号        单词1        +        单词2        =        单词3

1        air        空气        +        plane        飞机        =        airplane        飞机(美语)
2        after        在…以后        +        noon        中午        =        afternoon        下午
3        basket        篮子        +        ball        球        =        basketball        篮球
4        base        基础        +        ball        球        =        baseball        棒球
5        foot        足        +        ball        球        =        football        足球
6        volley        齐射        +        ball        球        =        volleyball        排球
7        ball        球        +        pen        钢笔        =        ballpen        圆珠笔
8        waste        废物        +        basket        篮子,筐        =        wastebasket        废物筐
9        bath        洗澡        +        room        房间        =        bathroom        洗澡间
10        bath        洗澡        +        tub        浴缸        =        bathtub        浴缸
11        trash        废物,垃圾(美语)        +        can        箱        =        trashcan        垃圾箱(美语)
12        bean        豆        +        stalk        茎,柄        =        beanstalk        豆茎
13        bed        床        +        room        房间        =        bedroom        卧室
14        be        是        +        hind        后面的        =        behind        在…后面
15        litter        废物        +        bin        箱子        =        litter-bin        废物箱
16        birth        出生        +        day        天        =        birthday        生日
17        black        黑色        +        board        板        =        blackboard        黑板
18        story        故事        +        book        书        =        storybook        故事书
19        break        打碎        +        fast        快        =        breakfast        早餐
20        paint        绘画,油漆        +        brush        刷子        =        paintbrush        画笔,画刷,漆刷

21        bus        公共汽车        +        driver        驾驶员        =        bus-driver        公共汽车驾驶员
22        bus        公共汽车        +        stop        停止,车站        =        bus-stop        公共汽车站
23        cater        迎合        +        pillar        柱子        =        caterpillar        毛虫
24        arm        手臂        +        chair        椅子        =        armchair        扶手椅
25        chop        砍        +        stick        小棒子,小棍子        =        chopstick        筷子
26        class        班级        +        mate        同伴        =        classmate        同班同学
27        class        班级        +        room        房间        =        classroom        教室
28        rain        雨        +        coat        外套        =        raincoat        雨衣
29        pop        劈啪响,流行歌曲        +        corn        玉米        =        popcorn        爆米花
30        cup        杯子        +        board        板        =        cupboard        碗橱
31        dining        吃饭(dine)的现在分词形式        +        room        房间        =        dining-room        饭厅
32        every        每一个        +        where        哪里        =        everywhere        到处,每一个地方
33        fisher        打鱼的人        +        man        男人        =        fisherman        渔夫
34        grand        祖…,孙…        +        father        父亲        =        grandfather        祖父,外祖父
35        grand        祖…,孙…        +        mother        母亲        =        grandmother        祖母,外祖母
36        hair        头发        +        cut        切割,剪        =        haircut        理发
37        ham        火腿        +        burger        汉堡包        =        hamburger        汉堡包
38        home        家        +        work        工作        =        homework        家庭作业
39        hot        热,辣        +        dog        狗        =        hot-dog        热狗
40        house        房子        +        work        工作        =        housework        家务

41        ice        冰        +        cream        奶油        =        ice-cream        冰淇淋
42        in        在里面        +        to        去,往        =        into        到…里面
43        in        在里面        +        side        面,边        =        inside        在里面
44        in        在里面        +        sect        派系        =        insect        昆虫
45        is        是        +        land        陆地,土地        =        island        岛
46        lady        女士        +        bird        鸟        =        ladybird        瓢虫
47        left        左边        +        hand        手        =        left-hander(注意结尾加er表示人)        左撇子
48        milk        牛奶        +        man        男人        =        milkman        送牛奶工人
49        moon        月亮        +        cake        蛋糕,饼        =        mooncake        月饼
50        motor        摩托车        +        bike        自行车        =        motorbike        摩托车
51        fish        鱼        +        net        网        =        fish-net        渔网
52        news        新闻        +        paper        纸        =        newspaper        报纸
53        note        笔记        +        book        书        =        notebook        笔记本
54        our        我们的        +        self        自己        =        Ourselves(注意将f改为v再加es)        我们自己
55        out        在外        +        side        面,边        =        outside        在外面
56        pencil        铅笔        +        case        盒子,箱子        =        pencil-case        铅笔盒
57        pencil        铅笔        +        box        盒子        =        pencil-box        铅笔盒
58        photo        照片        +        graph        图        =        photograph        照片
59        pine        松树        +        apple        苹果        =        pineapple        菠萝
60        fire        火        +        man        男人        =        fireman        消防员

61        play        玩        +        time        时间        =        playtime        玩的时间,娱乐时间
62        play        玩        +        ground        地面        =        playground        操场
63        police        警察        +        man        男人        =        policeman        男警察
64        police        警察        +        woman        女人        =        policewoman        女警察
65        pop        流行        +        music        音乐        =        pop-music        流行音乐
66        post        邮寄        +        card        卡        =        postcard        明信片
67        post        邮寄        +        man        男人        =        postman        邮递员
68        rail        铁路        +        way        路        =        railway        铁路
69        rain        下雨        +        bow        弓形物        =        rainbow        彩虹
70        rain        下雨        +        drop        落下        =        raindrop        雨滴
71        screw        螺丝        +        driver        司机        =        screwdriver        螺丝刀
72        sitting        坐(it)的现在分词形式        +        room        房间        =        sitting-room        起居室
73        skate        溜冰        +        board        板        =        skateboard        溜滑板
74        sketch        素描        +        book        书        =        sketch-book        素描本
75        snow        雪        +        man        男人        =        snowman        雪人
76        some        一些        +        time        时间        =        sometimes(注意此处结尾加s)        有时
77        space        空间,太空        +        ship        船        =        spaceship        宇宙飞船
78        straw        稻草        +        berry        浆果,莓        =        strawberry        草莓
79        sun        太阳        +        glasses        眼镜        =        sunglasses        太阳镜
80        super        超级        +        market        市场        =        supermarket        超市
81        copy        抄写        +        book        书        =        copybook        抄写本
82        time        时间        +        table        桌子,表格        =        timetable        时间表
83        tooth        牙        +        brush        刷子        =        toothbrush        牙刷
84        tooth        牙        +        paste        浆糊,膏状物        =        toothpaste        牙膏
85        tooth        牙        +        pick        采集        =        toothpick        牙签
86        under        在…下面        +        ground        地面        =        underground        地铁
87        under        在…下面        +        stand        站立        =        understand        懂得,理解
88        water        水        +        melon        瓜        =        watermelon        西瓜
89        zoo        公园        +        keeper        管理员        =        zoo-keeper        公园管理员
90        school        学校        +        bag        包        =        schoolbag        书包


第三章     词性及词的用法详解
一:名词及其用法:
名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。 例如 : desk 桌子 time 时间 life 生活  book 书本  room 房间 honesty  诚实  worker 工人 pencil  铅笔  computer 计算机
                     

  名 词 的 分 类
                     
  名词分为专有名词和普通名词
                     
  专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。
                     
  China 中国 Asia 亚洲  Beijing 北京
                     
  普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:
                     
  teacher  老师   tea 茶   reform 改革
                     
  普通名词又可进一步分为四类
                     
  1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。
                     
  house 马 car 汽车 room 房间  apple 苹果 fun 风扇 picture 照片
                     
  2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
                     
  people 人们  family 家庭  army 军队 government政府 group 集团
                     
  3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
                     
  fire 火  steel 钢  air 空气  water 水  milk 牛奶
                     
  4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
                     
  labour 劳动  health 健康  life 生活   friendship友情   patience耐力
                     
  名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
                     
  可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。
                     
  a book 一本书  two books 两本书
                     
  不可数名词:不分单,复数;抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。
                     
  sand 沙   sugar 糖
                     
  有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。
                     
  glass 玻璃  glass 玻璃杯  paper 纸   paper 报纸,文件
                     
  名词的功能                      
  名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
                     
  The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。
                     
  书包在桌子里边。
                     
  I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。
                     
  昨天我洗了我的衣服。
                     
  This is a good book. book 作表语。
                     
  这是一本好书。
                     
  We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。
                     
  我们选他为我们的班长。
                     
  Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语.
                     
  玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。
                     
  He is a Party member. Party 作定语.
                     
  他是一名党员。
                     
  They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。
                     
  他们白天黑夜地学习。
                     

  名 词 的 数                      
  英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。
                     
  a book 一本书  two books 两本书  a bag 一个包  three bags 三个包
                     
  名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如: a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。
                     
  名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 -s 或 -es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。
                     
  1) 一般情况下,在词尾加 -s. 例如:
                     
  bags,maps,pens,desks,workers
                     
  2) 名词以 [s],[z],[ F],[ tF ],[ dV ]等音结尾在其后加 -es, 如词尾已有 e ,只加-s。
                     
  clothes, boxes, buses, horses, watches,dishes
                     
  3) 名词以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的,把 -f 或-fe 变成 -ves.
                     
  bookshelves, wives, knives
                     
  4) 名词以辅音+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i ,再加 es。
                     
  cities,babies, factories.
                     
  5) 名词以辅音 + o 结尾的,加 -es, 变为复数形式。
                     
  heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
                     
  极少数名词虽然以-o 或者-f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 -s,为数不多, 如 radios pianos photos roofs 等。
                     
  英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有,
                     
  man - men     woman - women      foot - feet     tooth - teeth    mouse - nice    ox - oxen   sheep - sheep    dear - dear     fish - fish
                     
  英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。
                     
  scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯
单复同形 如:
  deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
  li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 
  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars;  a meter, two meters
集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
   如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
   如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
   b. news 是不可数名词。
   c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
   The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
   d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
   "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
   <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
    若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
  
  6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
不可数名词量的表示
1)物质名词
  a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
    比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
        These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
  b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。
   This factory produces steel. (不可数)
   We need various steels. (可数)
  c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。
   Our country is famous for tea.
   我国因茶叶而